Riding the Rails in Japan: The Unwritten Rules Explained

One of Many Shinjuku Station Entrances

Moves that Will Make You a Pro at Train Etiquette

Japan's train system is not only renowned for its efficiency and punctuality but also for the unique countrywide respect for the culture of unspoken rules that surrounds it. The unwritten rules of train etiquette can seem confusing for outsiders, however, knowing these norms can significantly enhance your travel experience and help you blend in like a local. In this guide, we will walk you through the key behaviors that will make your time on Japanese trains enjoyable and respectful.

The Importance of Politeness

In Japan, politeness is central to social interaction. This importance is particularly evident on public transportation. Every action—whether it's how you enter the train or engage with fellow passengers—reflects a deeper respect for those around you. A survey from the Japan National Tourism Organization revealed that over 80% of foreign tourists found Japanese train etiquette notably different, highlighting the need for awareness among visitors.

In England, we noticed that on escalators, like in Osaka, that standing travelers were on the right allowing passengers in a rush or wanting to walk/run down to do their thing on the left. Japan in many ways borrows from the etiquette of Europe, but especially the UK. So you may see some crossover but Japan's culture surrounding trains is a whole different world.

To get the best experience out of traversing trains in Japan, let’s explore the basics of their train riding etiquette.

Boarding and Exiting the Train

Wait Your Turn

When your train arrives, hold back and allow those already on the train to exit before you step onboard. Blocking the doorway can come off as rude. AS YOUR train arrives start forming a neat line on either side of the door is the norm, and this orderly approach ensures smooth boarding for everyone. Lines begin to form as the train is announced, you may want to secure your place in line then or about 5 minutes prior to arrival. In some stations there are clearly marked arrows for entry and exit of the cars. Don't cut the queue. In other countries and cultures it may be the norm to be self serving but here order is highly regarded.

Train Entry Lines (for Rush Hour)

Create Space

Once you’re on the train, move to the inside of the carriage as quickly as possible. This action allows incoming passengers to enter without hassle, reflecting the communal spirit of Japanese society. Research indicates that trains can get up to 200% full during peak hours, making it crucial to create space whenever possible.

On that note, make sure if you're wearing a backpack to switch it to the front before boarding. Putting it in the front prevents unintentional pushing or shoving. Best to consolidate as much as possible having less of a footprint in a crowded train helps everyone. Taking up as little space as possible shows respect and shows mindfulness which will be well received at any time, rush hour or not.

Hold On

Trains can be very crowded, especially during rush hour. Always hold onto the hand holds or poles to maintain your balance. Being considerate of others’ personal space helps ensure a comfortable ride for everyone. You will be tempted to stand up without holding on because you will see many locals balance without holding on. It takes a lot of practice and even after years in Japan we still can't predict all the momentum.

Mind Your Volume

Keep It Quiet

Japan prides itself on maintaining a peaceful atmosphere, especially in public spaces. It is vital to keep your voice low and avoid loud conversations. Many locals listen to music using headphones, which minimizes noise. A study found that over 70% of Japanese train users prefer silence, making it clear that quietness is highly valued.

Phone Calls Are A No-Go

Making phone calls on the train is highly frowned upon. If you receive a call, step outside onto the platform or into a designated area to avoid disturbing fellow travelers. Keeping the atmosphere calm is essential for everyone’s enjoyment.

Using Technology Wisely

The Etiquette of Technology

While smartphones are common on trains, it's important to use them correctly. If you don't have headphones refrain from playing sound videos/reels or even if you do have, try not to make voice messages or using AI to transcribe your speech to chat. Instead, opt for just texting, scrolling, listening to music or reading especially with your headphones on. This simple choice helps everyone have a better travel experience.

Be Aware of Your Surroundings

Stay mindful of your surroundings. Keep an ear out for announcements about upcoming stops so you can prepare to exit without inconvenience to others. If your headphones have pass through use that mode versus full noise cancellation. Being aware can improve the journey for everyone.

Seating

Priority Seats

Priority seats are designated for elderly passengers, pregnant women, and those with small children. If you find yourself in one of these seats, give it up promptly if someone who qualifies boards. This act of kindness is essential to maintaining respect and consideration in shared spaces. Some trains have designated times that you cannot use those specific seats and while not heavily enforced it is frowned up using them unless outside of the specified period.

Women Only Cars

Women Only Car Section Entry

There are also certain times of the day, mainly rush hour where specific cars are reserved for women commuters only. Unfortunately, there have been in recent years a rise of train molesters, according to one article from Mainichi, "Over 10% of people 16-29 have been groped...,"so to say it is a underlying issue is a bit of an understatement. Once it had been established, you may hear of the occasional groping, however, be mindful of the times marked on the platform of when this car is active and be aware that this issue does happen so guard yourself or be aware.

No “Spreading Out”

In crowded trains, space is limited. If you're sharing a seat, resist the urge to stretch out. Keep your bag on your lap or at your feet. Statistics show that during rush hour, about 60% of train users travel standing, proving that space is a shared resource.

Tackling Personal Belongings

Manage Your Bags

Keep your belongings off the floor to avoid tripping hazards. Utilize overhead racks or hold your bag on your lap. If your bag is bulky, position it in a way that allows others to move freely. This consideration can prevent accidents and maintain order.

The Backpack Dilemma

If you're wearing a backpack, carry it in front of you during busy periods to avoid bumping fellow passengers. This small adjustment can greatly enhance comfort for those around you.

Food and Drink: A Delicate Matter

Mind What You Eat

Platform Vending Machine

Eating on a train is not strictly forbidden, but it should be approached with caution. You may want to avoid this activity altogether, in fact eating on trains really should be reserved for if

you have forward facing individual seats. Examples of this include Shinkansen, specialty trains like the Luxury, Sleep and Cuisine Cars and some Limited trains. If you choose to snack, opt for easy-to-eat items that won’t make a mess or emit strong odors. Quick snacks, like rice balls or pre-packaged sandwiches, are often acceptable BUT primarily on the waiting platform while seats are available. Full meals should be reserved for Shinkansen or Cuisine Cars.

Dispose of Waste Properly

Platform Seating Area

After enjoying a snack, ensure you throw away any wrappers or bottles in the appropriate disposal bins, commonly found at train stations. Your consideration helps preserve the clean environment that Japanese trains are known for. Often times there are no receptacles on

trains so you may want a little bag to keep your trash separate from the rest of your belongings. Funny as it may be we actually accept the plastic bag at the 7-Eleven to keep what we used contained.

Navigating the Social Aspect

Respect Personal Space

Respect for personal space is crucial, even in tight quarters. Avoid standing too close to others and refrain from unnecessary physical contact. Getting accustomed to this cultural norm may take time, but it enriches the riding experience for everyone.

Engage Politely

If you decide to strike up a conversation, do so lightly. Small talk is not common, so use non-verbal cues before doing something like, asking someone to move so you can make your way out or reach for your bag if stowed above. Make sure to use your whole hand when gesturing, pointing is not acceptable. A simple smile can go a long way in gauging someone’s willingness to chat and even then most people will not engage because the train is not a social venue.

Final Thoughts

Adapting to train etiquette in Japan may feel daunting at first, but with these tips, you'll quickly find your footing. Each of these small rules plays a significant role in fostering a positive atmosphere for all passengers.

As you travel through Japan’s breathtaking landscapes and vibrant cities via its extensive train network, take a moment to appreciate the cultural values intertwined with each ride. Embracing this unspoken etiquette will make your journey all the more enjoyable and respectful.

It is important to note: Although you may eat and drink on the Shinkansen (Bullet Train), ALL the same rules once on the train apply. There are special sections to reserve for your luggage while riding the train as it is a faux pas to keep anything larger than a small roller case in the overhead compartment.